TAE has spent over 20 years working to develop and distribute the cleanest, most sustainable energy source of all time. Our unique approach combines plasma physics and accelerator physics for a brand new pathway to fusion power. Read about our top breakthroughs, and browse the entire research library for over 350 posters and papers published in the world’s leading peer-reviewed journals.
May 2026 | S. Karbashewski | Physical Review Letters | Paper
We report observations of an energetic-particle mode (EPM) in a linear plasma device that corresponds to an axial bounce resonance of fast ions sourced from neutral-beam injection (NBI). In our experiment, novel dynamic shaping of a magnetic mirror field reduces the distance …
April 2025 | T. Roche | Nature Communications | Paper
We report evidence of successful generation of field-reversed configuration plasmas by neutral beam injection. This is achieved by trapping the steady state beams in an initial seed plasma, hence providing a direct source of toroidally directed energetic ion current and increase plasma …
October 2024 | H. Gota | Nuclear Fusion | Paper
TAE Technologies’ fifth-generation fusion device, C-2W (also called ‘Norman’), is the world’s largest compact-toroid device and has made significant progress in field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma performance.
February 2023 | R. Magee | Nature Communications | Paper
Proton-boron (p11B) fusion is an attractive potential energy source but technically challenging to implement. Developing techniques to realize its potential requires first developing the experimental capability to produce p11B fusion…
October 2021 | H. Gota | Nuclear Fusion | Paper
TAE Technologies, Inc. (TAE) is pursuing an alternative approach to magnetically confined fusion, which relies on field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas composed of mostly energetic…
March 2019 | R.M. Magee | Nature Physics | Paper
Efficiently heating a magnetically confined plasma to thermonuclear temperatures remains a central issue in fusion energy research. One well-established technique is to inject beams of neutral particles into the plasma, a process known as neutral beam injection.
February 2018 | J.A. Romero | Nature Communications | Paper
Active control of field reversed configuration (FRC) devices requires a method to determine the flux surface geometry and dynamic properties of the plasma during both transient and steady-state conditions.
November 2017 | H. Gota | Nuclear Fusion | Paper
The TAE Technologies experimental program has demonstrated reliable field-reversed configuration (FRC) formation and sustainment, driven by fast ions via high-power neutral-beam (NB) injection.
July 2017 | E. A. Baltz | Scientific Reports | Paper
TAE and Google have partnered to combine human and machine interaction to further plasma science using their “Optometrist Algorithm.”
May 2015 | M. Binderbauer | Physics of Plasmas | Paper
Conventional field-reversed configurations (FRCs), high-beta, prolate compact toroids embedded in poloidal magnetic fields, face notable stability and confinement concerns.
April 2015 | H. Guo | Nature Communications | Paper
Developing a stable plasma state with high-beta (ratio of plasma to magnetic pressures) is of critical importance for an economic magnetic fusion reactor.
June 2012 | M. Tuszewski | Physical Review Letters | Paper
Field reversed configurations (FRCs) with high confinement are obtained in the C-2 device by combining plasma gun edge biasing and neutral beam injection.
July 2010 | M. Binderbauer | Physical Review Letters Paper | Paper
A hot stable field-reversed configuration (FRC) has been produced in the C-2 experiment by colliding and merging two high- ß plasmoids preformed by the dynamic version of field-reversed -pinch technology.
July 2026 | B.J. Sporer | Journal of Plasmas Physics | Paper
The magnetic confinement topologies potentially capable of macro-stability with core plasma pressure greatly exceeding the vacuum magnetic field pressure (or ‘β → ∞’) are discussed.
July 2026 | S. Ishiwata (Nihon Univ.) | Journal of Plasmas Physics | Paper
Collisional merging experiments on field-reversed configurations (FRCs) in the FRC amplification via translation–collisional merging (FAT-CM) device have suggested that the mirror magnetic field strength influences the final merged plasma state.
June 2026 | C.K. Lau | Physics of Plasmas | Paper
The recently developed AAA (“adaptive Antoulas–Anderson,” pronounced as “triple-A”) algorithm, which rapidly produces an accurate rational approximation, is an extremely effective numerical technique for the plasma physics community….
February 2026 | Y. Shimabukuro | Plasma Sources Science and Technology | Paper
To realize future long-lifetime negative hydrogen ion sources, two approaches were investigated using a compact coaxial ECR plasma source: direct negative DC biasing and a microwave plasma cathode (MPC) configuration. In noble gases such as argon, …
June 2026 | A. Smolyakov (Univ. of Saskatchewan) | Journal of Plasmas Physics | Paper
Axisymmetric cylindrical configurations of the magnetic field are used to confine and guide plasmas in fusion and electric propulsion devices, where plasma equilibria are established as a balance between plasma pressure, magnetic stress (pressure) …
June 2026 | C. Exton | HTPD 2026 | Poster
Neutral beam shinethrough detectors on C-2W enable axial FRC density profile reconstruction validated against WarpX simulations, with augmented normalization yielding line-integrated densities consistent with Far-Infrared Interferometry measurements.
June 2026 | J. Wood | HTPD 2026 | Poster
A Lyman-alpha neutral density diagnostic implemented on C-2W reveals edge neutral profiles in FRC plasmas, with emissivity correlating positively with plasma loss rates, confirming fast-ion charge exchange as a significant energy loss mechanism and enabling 3D radial neutral density reconstruction.
June 2026 | Y. Zhou | HTPD 2026 | Poster
Dual-line-of-sight CHERS simultaneously measures radial and azimuthal thermal ion drifts in C-2W, showing azimuthal drifts significantly exceed radial drifts at r > 15 cm, consistent with FRC equilibrium models and confirming constant axial magnetic flux during stable operation.
June 2026 | S. Ohshima | HTPD 2026 | Poster
A new Fast Ion Loss Detector optimized for beam-driven FRC plasmas has been commissioned on C-2W, revealing catastrophic fast-ion transport across all energy and pitch-angle ranges during disruptions, with lower-energy ions exhibiting delayed response times.
June 2026 | Y. Fujiwara | HTPD 2026 | Poster
We report the first use of the Hamamatsu ORCA-Quest 2 camera for FIDA measurements on C-2W, achieving ~1000× greater signal intensity and 4.2× finer wavelength resolution. Spatially resolved fast-ion profiles reveal a sharp density increase near the separatrix, consistent with orbit-following…
June 2026 | S. Kamio | HTPD 2026 | Poster
We report direct experimental observation of the fast-ion axial bounce mode (ABM) in C-2W FRC plasmas using dual opposing Neutral Particle Analyzers. Antiphase fast-ion flux oscillations, energy-dependent time-of-flight delays, and multi-energy responses confirm the ABM model…
June 2026 | M. Nations | HTPD 2026 | Poster
We present diagnostic systems supporting beam-driven FRC plasmas on C-2W at TAE Technologies, achieving sustained steady-state operation up to 40 ms. Key systems include FIDA, CHERS, Lyman-alpha neutral detection, and a new Fast-Ion Loss Detector, establishing the foundation …
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